系统：官方lite系统

1. 更换下载源

清华源: 地址

在/etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list中添加php安装源

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deb http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ buster main contrib non-free rpi

更新

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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

2. 安装必备的软件

  • office和ffmpg
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sudo apt install -y libreoffice ffmpeg
  • nginx、redis和数据库mariadb
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sudo apt install -y nginx redis mariadb-server
  • php及相关模块
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sudo apt install -y php7.3 php7.3-fpm php7.3-curl php7.3-gd php7.3-dom php7.3-iconv php7.3-redis php7.3-mysql php7.3-zip php7.3-bz2 php7.3-intl php7.3-imagick php7.3-mbstring

3. 下载nextcloud并部署

下载地址：nextcloud

上传到树莓派，解压、移动到网站目录、创建数据目录

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unzip nextcloud-xxx.zip
sudo mv nextcloud /var/www/html/nextcloud
mkdir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data && sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/nextcloud

4. 配置php

  • 修改/etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini文件：

    • expose_php改成off
    • 取消date.timezone的注释，值改成Asia/Shanghai
    • 取消opcache.enable=1，opcache.validate_timestamps=1，opcache.revalidate_freq=2的注释，将opcache.revalidate_freq的值改成30

  • 修改/etc/php/7.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf文件：

    • 取消clear_env=no的注释
    • 取消之后enc开头几行的注释

5. 配置数据库

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sudo su
mysqladmin -uroot password '你的密码'
mysql -uroot -p'你的密码' -e 'create user nextcloud@"%" identified by "nextcloud数据库密码"; create database nextcloud; grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to nextcloud@"%"; flush privileges;'
su pi

6. 配置nginx

进入/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录，删除default或注释掉其中内容

新建nextcloud文件，写入以下内容

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upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name _;

    root /var/www/html/nextcloud;

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    location = /.well-known/carddav {
    return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }
    location = /.well-known/caldav {
    return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }

    # set max upload size
    client_max_body_size 512M;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
    # This module is currently not supported.
    #pagespeed off;

    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^\/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+)\.php(?:$|\/) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        #fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:updater|oc[ms]-provider)(?:$|\/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }

    # Adding the cache control header for js, css and map files
    # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
    location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif|map)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
        # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
        # have those duplicated to the ones above)
        # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
        # this topic first.
        #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always;
        #
        # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
        # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
        # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
        # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
        # could take several months.
        add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
        add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
        add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;

        # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        access_log off;
    }

    location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg|bcmap)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}

7. 优化性能
修改/var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php文件，在最后添加

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'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'memcache.distributed' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',
'redis' => [
    'host' => 'localhost',
    'port' => 6379,
    'dbindex' => 0,
    'password' => '',
    'timeout' => 1.5,
],

8. 配置完成，重启各项服务

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sudo systemctl restart nginx php7.3-fpm redis-server mariadb

打开浏览器输入地址即可